Anti amyloidogenic and acetylcholinesterase inhibition activities of plant extracts relevance to neuroprotection

Abstract

Alzheimer s disease (AD) is a debilitating and devastating neurological disorder of central nervous system which affects millions of people around the world as on today. Though the intense research on AD over 100 years fail to arrive at single most cause and mechanism of neurodegeneration in AD. Since AD is a complex neurodegenerative disorder and the cause is attributed to involvement of more than one factor such as genetic, environmental factors and life styles. Two major traits of the disease ascribes to senile plaques formed by amyloid beta protein accumulates outside the neuron cell and neurofibrillary tangles constituted by hyperphosphorylated tau protein gathered within the neuron cell. The ultimate result is the loss of neurons resulting in the poor or complete loss of memory and cognitive deficits. Recent drug discovery for therapeutic aspects of Alzheimer s disease have failed to reach final stage of clinical drug research. Many therapeutic approaches such as anti-amyloidogenic agents/molecules, antioxidants, acetyl- cholinesterase inhibitors, anti-inflammatory molecules etc have been tried and tested without much success. Since the Alzheimer s disease etiology is a mutli-factorial complex neurodegenerative disorder. There is a need of different source to find novel drug like moieties, natural therapeutic approach to reduce or cure Alzheimer s disease. Plants are one such source human community are dependent from ages in traditional ethno-medicine and Ayurveda. newlineThesis study dwell with screening of medicinal important plant for anti-Alzheimer s study collected from Western Ghats region of Kodagu, Karnataka, India. Research problem was focused on amyloid, cholinesterases, oxidative stress, advanced glycated end products hypotheses and neuroblastoma cell toxicity. Research work comprised of screening five medicinal plants namely Cassia tora, Caesalpinia crista, Justicia wynaadensis, Madhuca longifolia and Madhuca neriifolia. Aim of the study to find potential extracts for pharmacological neuroprotective activity of multi-target-direct ligands on the basis the hybrid compounds that act on a number of therapeutic targets associated with Alzheimer s disease. Potential extracts can be the formulation or the reservoir for search of newer hybrid novel molecules towards the treatment of Alzheimer s disease. Scientific evaluation proved all five plants has potential anti-Alzheimer s activity. Study gives an insight natural source is one such better option in search of therapeutic approaches towards Alzheimer s disease.