Appraisal Of Fine Sand River Sand And Fine Sand Crusher Dust Blends For Use As Fine Aggregate In M30 Concrete And Suitability Of Fine Sand Crusher Dust Blends As Fill Material In Reinforced Soil Retaining Walls

Abstract

Infrastructure development is a key aspect in developing countries. It involves the newlineconstruction of buildings, roads, railways, retaining walls, and other structures. Concrete newlineis the largest consumed construction material in construction projects and river sand is the newlinepreferred and commonly used fine aggregate in concrete making. River sand is also used newlineas fill material in reinforced soil structures. The demand for river sand is increasing day newlineby day due to the increasing construction activities associated with the growing economy. newlineThis resulted in the overexploitation of river sand from riverbeds and ecological newlineimbalances in the riverbed. Consequently, various countries have imposed restrictions on newlinethe extraction of river sand. Hence, researchers have tried various alternative materials, newlinesuch as crusher dust, manufactured sand, and industrial wastes/ by-products (Granulated newlineBlast furnace Slag, foundry sand, Pond ash, bottom Ash, etc.) as alternatives to river sand newlinein infrastructure projects. newlineAt present, Crusher dust is being used as fine aggregate in partial or complete replacement newlinefor river sand. Crusher dust as fine aggregate resulted in concrete with the same or higher newlinestrength characteristics than conventional river sand concrete. Also, crusher dust is being newlineused as fill material in reinforced soil retaining walls for enhanced load-carrying capacity newlineand to reduce construction costs. As a result, crusher dust is being widely used in newlineconstruction activities and demand for crusher dust is increasing day by day. Hence, the newlinetime has come to find alternatives to crusher dust due to its continuous usage in newlineconstruction activities. newlineResearchers worldwide have reported using sea sand or dredged sea sand as a fine newlineaggregate in concrete, replacing river sand. Additionally, sea sand is reportedly used in newlineland reclamation projects in various parts of the world. Sea sand contains round and subround particles with sulphates and chlorides. Hence, it requires the removal of chlorides newlineand sulphates before using it in concrete,