Investigations and Diagnosis of Cancer Tissues Using Terahertz Imaging and Spectroscopic Techniques

Abstract

Cancer has demonstrated significant pleomorphism without any newlineuniversally shared trait among neoplastic processes. Cancer is a collection of diseases newlinecharacterized by the abnormal proliferation of cells, which can infiltrate and affect newlineother organs in the body. Not all tumours are malignant: benign tumours are newlinenoncancerous and do not metastasize to other body regions. There are more than 100 newlinedistinct types of tumours that can impact individuals. newlineCancers are often designated with names corresponding to the organs or newlinetissues in which they originated, and the process of its spread to other areas is referred newlineto as metastasis. While particular metastasis forms can be successfully treated with newlineexisting therapies, their efficacy is not universal across all individuals. Every cancer newlineis assigned a stage upon the first diagnosis. The cancer stage is determined by newlineevaluating the size and extent of the original tumour and the presence or absence of newlinedisease spread throughout the body. newlineMedical imaging techniques such as X-rays, Magnetic Resonance Imaging newline(MRI), and Positron emission tomography imaging have challenges in accurately newlineidentifying the precise margins of tumours during surgical procedures. The study newlinedocumented in this thesis aimed to comprehend the spectroscopic and imaging newlineinstruments utilized in medical contexts newline