MIGRANT COMMUNITIES URBAN LIVING AND WOMEN EMPOWERMENT a STUDY OF SLUMS IN CUTTACK CITY ODISHA

Abstract

Urban areas which are the hub for all socio economic opportunities, attract group of people for better livelihood. On the other hand, rural area i.e. predominated by agricultural activities is deprived of all such benefits found in urban centres. These inequalities lead to more migration from rural belt to urban space. The migration is not a new concept; it has been there since time immemorial. Now the pace of migration has been changed, people prefer to migrate to urban areas for better employment, health facilities, education and for better amenities. Especially, in developing countries like India migration is closely associated with economic factors because most of the people migrate for economic reasons. The process of migration and urbanisation are closely interlinked with each other where they have cause effect relationships. The rate of urbanisation is one of the pre determinants of migration. In developing countries the process of migration is more due to push factors operating in origin leads migration. There is global urban divide. The global south is different from global north where most of the developed and industrialised countries are part of it. It is the development level and process which are sole cause of these differences. All the problems like poverty, regional inequality, deprivation, exclusion of women, discrimination towards marginal people etc. separate the south from the North world. The emerging narratives of global south show how situations are different from others in case of migration also in case of north and south. The global south lacks appropriate technology it has less political stability, the economies are disarticulated and their foreign exchange earning depends on primary product export. Global south governance particularly with regard to protection of rights is often different from global north. Global south countries are consisting of Africa, Latin America and developing Asia including the Middle East where most of the problems related with development, urbanisation, mi