Formulation Optimization and Evaluation of Nano Based Novel Ophthalmic Drug Delivery System for Glaucoma

Abstract

Glaucoma therapy is limited by rapid precorneal drug loss and low ocular bioavailability. This study developed Carteolol (CT) loaded chitosan (CH) nanoparticles (CHNPs) via ionotropic gelation using sodium tripolyphosphate (0.1 0.4%) and optimized through Box Behnken design. The optimized formulation exhibited a particle size of 150.72 nm and a zeta potential of +9.3 mV. CT-CHNPs were incorporated into thermosensitive (Poloxamer N407) and pH-triggered (Carbopol 974P) in situ gels to enhance precorneal residence and sustain drug release. In vitro studies in simulated tear fluid (pH 7.4) demonstrated biphasic release with sustained delivery up to 12 hr. Sterility and ocular tolerance tests confirmed non-irritancy, and formulations remained stable over three months. In vivo therapeutic evaluation showed a significant and prolonged reduction in intraocular pressure compared to marketed formulations. These results indicate that CT-CHNP-loaded in situ gels offer a promising strategy for enhanced ocular delivery and effective management of glaucoma. newlineKeywords: Glaucoma, Carteolol, Thermosensitive in situ gel, pH- triggered in situ gel, CT-CHNP. newline