Sufi shrines in south east Panjab a socio cultural study c1200 to c1800

Abstract

This thesis examines the evolution, structure, and enduring influence of Sufi shrines in South-East Panjab between c.1200 and c.1800, highlighting their multifaceted role in shaping the region s socio-cultural fabric. It explores the major Sufi silsilahs including the Chishtiyyah, Suhrawardiyyah, Qadiriyyah, and Naqshbandiyyah orders and traces the historical establishment and expansion of their khanqahs (lodges) and dargahs (shrines). Through an analysis of architectural patterns, administrative frameworks, and ritual practices, the study reveals how these shrines became centres of spiritual authority, social cohesion, and cultural synthesis, transcending sectarian boundaries. The research underscores the economic and religious significance of these institutions, illustrating their role in redistributive charity, local governance, and patronage networks that linked rulers, saints, and communities. The thesis also assesses the cultural expressions surrounding shrine worship such as devotional poetry, music (qawwali), and festivals which contributed to the development of a shared regional identity. Finally, it reflects on the contemporary relevance of these shrines as living spaces of faith, social interaction, and heritage preservation, continuing to mediate between tradition and modernity in South-East Panjab. newline