Evaluation of Antioxidant Antimicrobial Antidiabetic Activities of Elaeocarpus Ganitrus Roxb ex g don and Its Phytochemical Analysis

Abstract

ABSTRACT: newlineElaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb is a large evergreen broad-leaved tree available in different parts of the globe. In the present study, the bark of Elaeocarpus ganitrus showed various biological activities. This part of the plant was investigated for its biological activities for the first time. From this study, we have isolated a bioactive molecule responsible for its biological activities. The present study validated scientifically the use of this plant in traditional healing process and also enhances the ethanobotanical values of the plant. 6.1 SUMMARY OF THE STUDY: newlineand#10146; Based on the preliminary survey of available data, we have selected the bark of Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb to evaluate its biological activities. newlineand#10146; Collection and authentication was done. newlineand#10146; Extraction was done by using petroleum ether, ethyl acetate, ethanol and water. newlineand#10146; Phytochemical investigation, antioxidant, antimicrobial, invitro alpha amylase as well as invitro alpha glucosidase activities were checked for all the extracts. newlineand#10146; From the screened activities, we have found that ethanol extract was the most potent extract, hence it was selected for in vivo antidiabetic study and accordingly we have sub fractionated using hexane, chloroform and ethanol as mobile phase in column chromatography. newlineand#10146; Ethanol extract of the plant at a dose of 400 mg/kg of body weight showed comparatively better antidiabetic activity in diabetic rats. newlineand#10146; All collected fractions in column chromatography was subjected to HPLC and alpha amylase, alpha glucosidase inhibition activities to find out the most potent fraction and then it was subjected to spectral studies. newlineand#10146; Spectral studies revealed the presence of a terpenoid in the bark of Elaeocarpus ganitrus. newlineand#10146; Molecular docking showed good binding energy with alpha amylase (PDBID -IHNY) and alpha glucosidase (3L4Z (PDB ID). newline6.2 CONCLUSION OF THE STUDY: newlineThe findings from the present work scientifically established ethanomedicinal importance of the bark of Elaeocarpus ganitrus. Out of all four fractions, ethanol extract was found to be most potent extract and also showed significant antidiabetic, antioxidant, invitro alpha amylase as well as invitro alpha glucosidase inhibition activities and also exhibited antimicrobial capability against some selected microbes. The ethanol extract was found to contain highest quantity of total phenolic and total flavonoid content. During the study, we found ethanol extract showing excellent antioxidant activity close to the standard. The beneficial effect in disease conditions may be due to the inherent antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity of the extracts. Thus the concurrent use of the fraction or its active chemical constituents may be helpful to prevent oxidative stress related diseases. newlineThe higher dose of the ethanol extracts (400 mg/kg of body weight) showed control in blood sugar level close to the standard. We did not find any lethal effects upto 2000 mg/kg of the ethanol extract. From this study, it is confirmed that this is a potential source of antidiabetic agent. newlineThe microbial study of ethanol extract showed good zone of inhibition, hence it is also a source to avoid some microbial infections. These medicinal importance exhibited by the plant may be due to the higher total phenolic and total flavonoid content. newlineA terpenoid was isolated from the ethanol extract of the bark of Elaeocarpus ganitrus with excellent alpha amylase and alpha glucosidase inhibition activity compared with the standard acarbose. Hence, this molecule could be established as a future antidiabetic drug. newlineOut of several pathways involved in diabetes, we got significant results in molecular docking against alpha amylase as well as alpha glucosidase 1HNY (PDBID) and 3L4Z (PDB ID) respectively. Considering the binding energy between the targeted protein and ligand, it showed a better binding energy than the standard. newlineTherefore, highly sophisticated investigation of the fraction of the bark of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in future could be a way to find out a better antioxidant, antimicrobial and antidiabetic molecule which will help to prevent the use of certain commercially available drugs with higher toxicity and side effects. newline