Studies on Bio Oil Derived from Waste Biomass Through Pyrolysis and its Utilization in an Ice Engine

Abstract

Biofuels, such as biodiesel made from vegetable oils, can be used in engines as a newlinepetroleum substitute. However, using vegetable oil from edible resources to make biodiesel newlinemay result in a food-versus-fuel conflict. The biodiesel produced from nonedible seeds newlineproduces a significant amount of seedcakes. These seedcakes contain toxic components and newlineare unfit for animal feedstock or as a fertilizer. The direct disposal of seedcakes in the open newlineatmosphere causes issues like GHG emission and the availability of land for disposal. As a newlineresult, one of the critical issues currently confronting biodiesel producing industries is the newlinedisposal of nonedible seedcakes generated during biodiesel production. According to newlinestudies, nearly 0.145 million metric tonnes of Honge de-oiled seedcake (HSC) was newlineproduced in India during the production of biodiesel from Honge seeds. The disposal of newlinethis massive amount of HSC in open atmosphere causes environmental and waste newlinemanagement issues. Therefore, rather than discarding HSC as a waste, innovative and newlineeffective methods of transforming it into energy and value-added products are required, newlinewhich can significantly reduce the issues associated with HSC disposal. newlinePyrolysis is found to be one of the attractive and technically viable methods for newlineconverting seedcakes such as HSC into energy and value-added products. In pyrolysis newlineprocess, the HSC was heated at an elevated temperature of around 525 °C in a reactor in newlineabsence of oxygen. Biochar, bio-oil, and pyro-gas are the three main valuable products of newlinethe process. In general, bio-oil is one of the value-added products produced by condensing newlinethe volatiles evolved during the pyrolysis of HSC. In this context, the current study focused newlineon converting HSC into Honge bio-oil via the pyrolysis process, which could then be used newlineas a partial substitute for base diesel in a diesel engine. The yield of bio-oil depends on newlinevarious process parameters and their levels during the pyrolysis. Hence, in the present newlinework, various process parameters such as react