Cross Cultural Comparison between Women with Depressive Symptoms in India and Iran_role of Maladaptive Schemas_Parenting_Attributional and Coping Styles

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the correlation between the Early Maladaptive Schemas with the perception of parenting styles and their Coping Styles, as well as, the atrributional style in women with symptoms of depression (mild/moderate) making a comparison between India and Iran. newlineThe Beck Depression Inventory (BDI II, 1996), Young Schema Questionnaire (short form, 2003), Young Parenting Inventory (YPI, 1994), Expanded Attributional Style Questionnaire (EASQ, 1988), Young-Rygh Avoidance Inventory (RYAI, 1994), and Young Compensation Inventory (YCI, 1995) were administered to women with depression residing in Iran and India n = 200. newlineThe results showed the intensity of dysfunctional schemas increasing with the level of depression. Moreover, there was an association between depression (BDI) and Early Maladaptive Schemas (YSQ). Significant correlations were seen with Social Isolation, Punitiveness, Abandonment, Defectiveness/Shame, Dependence/Incompetence and Pessimism/Worry. newlineThe results derived from analysis of data show a significant correlation between 15 subscales of Maladaptive Schema and Attributional style (present, situations, and consequences) and a correlation between Attributional style and Parenting style as well. Pertaining to the correlation between Maladaptive Schemas and Parenting style, it was seen that Defectiveness /Shame, Subjugation, Self-Sacrifice, Entitlement/Superiority, Insufficient Self-Control/Self Discipline, Pessimism/Worry, Emotional Deprivation, Mistrust/Abuse in parenting styles (mother and father) have a significant correlation with all five domains of early maladaptive schemas. newlineThe results showed significant correlation between Compensation coping styles and Maladaptive Schemas. In the total group, correlations were obtained between the Subjugation, Failure to achieve, and Unrelenting Standards schemas and the corresponding subscales in compensation inventory.