Modulation of Oxidative Stress Indices and Expression of Cytochrome P 450 Enzymes in Zebrafish Danio by Benzo a pyrene and its Role in Neurobehaviour

Abstract

The aquatic environment provides a sink for accumulation of significant amount newlineof anthropogenic pollutants like polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) that have newlinepotential to induce oxidative stress by promoting neurobehavioral, biochemical and newlineneuromorphological alterations in aquatic animals. The occurrence and abundance of newlinePAHs in aquatic environments represent a risk to aquatic organisms and ultimately to newlinehumans as fish form an ideal and the staple diet for humans in both developing and newlinedeveloped countries, so there is a constant need for their toxicological evaluation around newlinethe world. Oxidative stress caused due to benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), a prototype of PAHs, newlineis commonly associated with several neurological disorders. B[a]P undergoes metabolic newlinebreakdown inside the body into more potent neurotoxic compounds by B[a]P newlinemetabolizing enzyme such as cytochrome P450 1A1 (CYP1A1) and thus resulting in newlineincreased oxidative stress by production of ROS. Therapeutic and prophylactic strategies newlineneed to be develop to counteract the adverse neurotoxic effect of B[a]P. The use of herbal newlineprophylactics to counteract B[a]P-induced altered behavior and neuromorphology is newlinelimiting in the literature. Withania somnifera (WS), also known as Ashwagandha is used newlineas an important herb in Ayurveda and indigenous medical systems for the treatment of newlineseveral neurodegenerative diseases. It has also been reported that B[a]P contamination in newline2 newlineaquatic environment has been shown to lower the internal RA level. Retinoic acid (RA), newlinean oxidative metabolite of vitamin A (VA) plays an important role in growth, newlinemetabolism, reproduction, cell survival, neuronal development, and neurogenesis. newlinePresence of B[a]P in cell milieu resulted in augmented CYP1A1 expression which is newlineassociated with depletion of internal RA leading to increased oxidative stress by newlineproduction of ROS. Based on the limitation of existing literature, the present study was conducted