Implementation of intelligent transportation system for efficient safe and secure mobility of commuters

Abstract

ix newlineABSTRACT newlineRapid urbanization leads to an increase in the volume of vehicles that leads to crashes, traffic congestion, economic losses, environmental pollution, and excessive fuel waste. Intelligent Transportation Systems (ITS) have emerged as a transformative solution for addressing the challenges of modern transportation, by integrating advanced technologies to enhance safety, efficiency, and sustainability. One of the pivotal components within ITS is Vehicular Ad-Hoc Networks (VANETs), which enable seamless communication among vehicles and infrastructure, paving the way for innovative solutions to challenges such as vehicle crashes, and traffic congestion. VANETs represent a dynamic network of vehicles equipped with communication devices that enable real-time data exchange. This connectivity empowers vehicles to share information about their status, speed, and location, thereby facilitating proactive measures to mitigate the risk of accidents and improve overall traffic flow. Traffic congestion is a problem that arose with urbanization, resulting in social as well as economic losses. By leveraging VANETs, ITS can implement intelligent traffic management strategies, including dynamic route guidance, adaptive signal control, and congestion pricing, to optimize traffic flow and alleviate congestion hotspots. The dynamic route guidance system is the best possible way to avoid congestion by optimally utilizing the road infrastructure. The dynamic-RGS are classified into two categories: one is architecture-based, and another is optimization-based. The architecture-based dynamic-RGS is divided into three sub-categories, namely Centralized, Distributed, and Hybrid, whereas optimization-based is subcategorized into single metric Dynamic-RGS and multi-metric Dynamic-RGS. Centralized models are best suited for less dense and smaller road networks. Whereas, distributed models are not able to provide the global traffic view. The hybrid model is best suited for route guidance systems as it makes use of the central server