Purification and Characterization of C20 C22 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids From Shark Liver Oil And Utilization of Seaweed Derived Antioxidants to Increase The Shelf Life of Fatty Acids

Abstract

The deep sea marine fish oils rich in C20-22 n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids newline(PUFA) are conditionally essential nutrients for adequate growth, development and newlinefunction in humans. The C20-22 fatty acids are basic building block of biomembranes and newlineessential signalling molecules in nutrition, health, and disease. Although the animal newlinekingdoms including humans use various biosynthetic pathways to synthesize lipids, the newlinefatty acids with C20-22 moiety can not be biosynthesized, and must be supplemented from newlineexternal dietary source(s). The C20-22 n-3 PUFAs are currently in demand in pure form in newlinenutraceutical formulations, and are being studied to understand their potential roles in newlinehuman health. The long chain C20-22 polyunsaturated fatty acids from the deep sea marine newlineorganisms, for example, sharks, tuna, and deep sea lantern fishes are ubiquitous in nature, newlineand therefore, are a predominant source to isolate these fatty acids. In the present work, newlinethe concentrated C20-22 polyunsaturated fatty acids were prepared from the refined liver newlineoil of deep sea shark (Centrophorus squamosus). This study further contemplated to newlinedevelop n-3 PUFA enriched formulation(s) comprising fatty acid concentrate and newlineindividual or combination of natural ingredients (brown seaweed extracts) with potential newlineantioxidant properties to form a stabilized form of concentrated PUFAs. newlineAn extraction method using physical grinding followed by clarification was newlinedemonstrated to be suitable to obtain the best quality of shark liver oil. Different newlinechemical methods, which include degumming, neutralization of free acids, newlinedecolourization and deodourization, were employed to refine crude oil. The crude oil, on newlinelong-term storage, was reported to deposit saturated hydrocarbons, phosphatides, newlinemucilaginous materials, which could be removed from the oil by degumming. The newlineeffective degumming agent was found to be phosphoric acid (1 %). newlineBleaching/decolourization were applied to eliminate the specific contaminants causing newlinedarkness before being deodourized. A synergisti