Titanium mxene based composites for energy and environmental applications

Abstract

In an era marked by technological advancements and a growing global appetite for progress, the surge in energy consumption is an inevitable consequence and stands as a newlinedouble-edged sword. Concurrently, industrial activities have caused severe environmental pollution, including water contamination, which poses significant threats to human health and ecosystems. The urgent need for a sustainable environment and effective energy solutions has never been more pronounced. Hydrogen, a renewable source, offers a potential solution to the growing energy crisis. Electrochemical water splitting, including hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER), is an easy and clean technique for generating hydrogen. Supercapacitors stand out as the best energy storage devices owing to their exceptional characteristics, rapid charge/discharge, long life cycle, high power density, efficiency, and low maintenance. newlineAt present, researchers are focusing their attention on investigating new electrode newlinematerials to enhance the performance and efficiency in energy generation and storage. newlineRecently, MXenes extracted from their parent MAX phases have gained significant recognition in the field of energy and environmental applications. MXenes, stand out newlinedue to their distinctive physio-chemical properties. However, a wider utilization of newlineMXenes is hindered by inherent challenges such as self-oxidation tendency and newlinerestacking of layers. To address the limitations, MXenes are integrated with different heteroatoms, carbon nanomaterials, metal oxides, and sulfides, which serve as interlayer spacers. Through detailed analysis, this study demonstrates how the strategic combination of MXene with various interlayer spacers leads to significant newlineimprovements in energy and environmental applications, paving the way for a cleaner newlineenvironment and more durable energy storage solutions.