Numerical modelling of lean duplex stainless steel hollow and concrete filled columns of square l t and shape sections under pure axial compression

Abstract

Since the last two decades there has been an accelerating interest in the use of stainless steel in the construction industry Mann 1993 Gardner 2005 owing to the benefits of stainless steels in terms of its good structural performance aesthetic features and ease of construction of structural members Generally the austenitic stainless steel grades which contain 8 11 nickel feature most prominently within the constructional industry However with increasing nickel prices there is an