Studies on enhancement of characteristics of microstrip antenna and their optimization by soft computing tools

Abstract

A microstrip antenna generally consists of a dielectric substrate sandwiched between a radiating newlinepatch on one side and a ground plane on the other side. The patch is generally made of conducting material newlinesuch as copper or gold and can take any possible shape. For simplicity of analysis, the patch is generally newlinesquare, rectangular, circular, triangular and elliptical or some other common shape. newline