Design and development of antenna for biomedical applications

Abstract

Body area networking (BAN) is necessary for personal communication in ON-body and OFF body conditions. Wearable and textile antennas are one of the modules in BAN systems such as patient monitoring, healthcare devices, dresses of firefighters and so on. In these, the antenna is positioned nearer to the human body or on wears. Hence, the first problem identified as a backward wave that will destroy the cells in human tissues. But by using large reflector ground to reduce the bidirectional radiation, the size of the antenna becomes larger. Hence a compact shielding antenna is needed either to reduce the backward wave or to increase the forward wave with high directivity. Any communication antenna needs an enhanced performance in newlinebandwidth and gain. Here also the requirement is, antenna width has to be wider. Hence the second problem is making an antenna with wideband and high gain. Moreover, electronic waste (e-waste) is a challenging environmental issue newlinebecause of the problem of recycling. Hence, any electronic circuits or systems need a Printed Circuit Board (PCB) with the feasibility of biodegradation. This problem is taken as the fourth case in the proposed works. Monitoring patients, elder people, students, and babies are essential in the present scenario. A wearable tracking system is needed without disturbing them. This is the fifth challenge to be solved.The final problem identified is the health care devices and any personal communication systems require an uninterrupted power source in harsh environments or remote places. newline newline