targeting cancer cells in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma hnscc by curcumin as potential nanomedicine an in vitro study

Abstract

According to GLOBOCAN 2018 report, the incidence, mortality, and prevalence (5- newlineyear) of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) in India is 1/5th 1/3rd, and 1/2th of newlinetotal HNSCC of world data respectively. The incidence, mortality, and prevalence are newlinedecreasing globally over the past 4 years whereas, in India, HNSCC remains challenging newlinebecause of failure in current therapies like surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapies. newlineThe discovery of cancer stem cells (CSC) and certain chemotherapeutic drugs with their side newlineeffects might lead to poor prognosis and ultimately failure of therapy. In recent years many newlineinvestigators have shown the therapeutic potential of curcumin to target CSCs from several newlineother cancers including breast cancer, colon cancer as a regulator of multiple pathways newlineincluding self-renewal and differentiation pathways. However, due to its low aqueous newlinesolubility, pervasive first-pass metabolism, and stability issues, the oral bioavailability of newlinecurcumin is low. newlineObjectives newlineThe main objective of the current research study is to develop and evaluate the curcumin newlinenanomicelles on cancer stem cells (CSCs) isolated from primary head and cancer tumors and newlinealso on cisplatin drug-resistant cell lines. newlineMethodology newlineThe identification and cell sorting were done by Fluorescence-activated cell sorting newline(FACS) using CD44, CD24 cell surface markers. We evaluated the self-renewal capacity and newlineclonogenicity of CSCs using a Tumorsphere formation assay. We also analyzed the chemoresistance newlineof CSC using cisplatin. Further, we were carried out RT-PCR to examine the newlineexpression of stem cell markers. Immunofluorescence assay was done to analyze the surface newlinemarker expression. Simultaneously we developed the cisplatin drug-resistant oral cancer cell newlinelines with repeated exposure of parental cell (KB) with a stepwise dose incremental strategy. newline newline