Multifunctional biopolymer based ceramic microsphere for bone regeneration

Abstract

An ideal microsphere for bone regeneration applications should allow or improve cell newlineviability, attachment, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, vascularisation, host newlineintegration and also load bearing. A variety of compositions, including bioactive newlineceramics, degradable polymers, and their composites, have been developed into a newlinemicrosphere form and have demonstrated the potential to fill defective bone. To enhance newlinethe capacity of cell delivery, the conventional solid form of spheres is engineered to have newlineeither a porous structure to hold cells or a thin shell to encapsulate cells within the newlinestructure. They can also be a potential reservoir system of bioactive molecules that have newlinetherapeutic effects in regulating cell behaviours. Because they provide physicochemical newlinegradients via continuum release behaviour, microspheres are considered to be the newlinedesirable tool for engineering complex tissues and biological interfaces. So in this thesis newlinethe main objective was to develop biomimetic porous microsphere using biopolymers newlinelike Xanthan and Albumin with synthetic hydroxyapatite (HA) by simple and newlineconventional single w/o emulsion method. HA along with chemically modified Xanthan newlinemicrosphere were prepared with optimal swelling ratio and degradation rate. As per newlinerecent trend they are found be a biocompatible controlled vehicle for drug delivery. In newlinethe next work Silver incorporated HA-Albumin (Alb) porous microsphere with high newlinebactericidal effect were fabricated. The as-formed microspheres having interconnected newlinepore channels are envisaged to show vascularization as well as fulfilling goals of ideal newlinebone filler, ensuring biocompatibility and reducing long-term cytotoxicity at implant site. newlineIn the next work we found a novel surfactant free nontoxic sintered HA microspheres newlinesuitable for bone tissue engineering applications. In the next work a different approach, newlinetemplate directed method was adapted for fabrication of hollow microsphere. Further newlineAlendronate (ALD) was adsorbed onto the surface of hollow microsphere. The newlinemicr