Study the Structural and Electrical Properties of Lead Free Composite Systems

Abstract

newline Smart materials are a common name for a wide group of different substances. The general feature of all of them is the fact that one or more properties might be significantly altered under controlled condition. The present age is considered to be the smart materials era. Earlier, the smart material was defined as the material, which response to its environments in a timely manner. However, the definition of smart materials has been expanded to the materials that receive, transmit, or process a stimulus and respond by producing a useful effect that may include a signal that the materials are acting upon it. newlineCeramics typically include a combination of ionic and covalent bonds to form a material with high modulus and hardness, high melting point, high thermal expansion and corrosion resistance. Because these materials may be brittle, fracture toughness is also an important mechanical property. Composites are made from two or more materials with different mechanical properties that produce a desired set of properties when combined. Composite materials are applied to many industries, including automotive, renewable or alternative energy, healthcare, electronics, and aerospace. newlineThis research work has been described in six chapters. This work gave us an insight to carry out a detail systematic study of the effect of the dopants at system and to optimize the electrical properties of the material for a device application. The present research work in the thesis began with chapter 1 of the general introduction on ferroelectricity, ferromagnetism giving a general idea of these phenomenon s and its related mechanism. It includes the description of crystal symmetry, ferroelectricity, piezoelectricity, phase transition, polarization, multiferroic and ferromagnetism. newlineChapter 2 deals, with detailed literature review of Lead-free materials. newlineChapter 3 deals with the detail description of experimental technique used in carrying out the present work. Here we discuss the experimental processes of all the process by which