Design and Optimization of Compact Multiband Microstrip Patch Antenna using Fractal Geometry for Wireless Communication

Abstract

There is an increasing demand in the present wireless global market place, for convenient handy communication electronic devices, which demand small sized multiband operated low priced microstrip patch antennas. For various wireless applications, we need distinct antennas today as traditional microstrip antennas typically work on a single or dual resonant frequency band, where different microstrip patch antennas are needed for separate wireless communication applications. The current development also recommends that one electronic device (like Tablet PCs, Mobile,) should cover up multiband communication applications (Like Zigbee, Bluetooth, ISM band, and WIFI). Therefore, it poses a hindrance to a limited space and multi- frequency performance issues in the embedded electronic communication circuits and microwave integrated circuits (MIC). Therefore, researchers have given great importance to design a suitable compact -sized multiband operated and low cost microstrip patch antenna in this direction. This has instigated microstrip antenna to explore in various ways by applying fractal antenna geometry to the microstrip patch antenna elements. The term fractal was first defined by Mandelbrot in 1975, to explain complex construction that possesses an inbuilt self-similarity or self-affine property in their geometrical composition. Fractal may be a fragmented geometry that will be split into many subparts, each of which may be a lowered-size replica of the entire object. The self- like property of fractals can lead to multiband characteristics, and the space- filling stuff indicates curves that are very long by electrically but manages to fit into a reduced physical area. This principal property led to the shrinking of antenna structures and which can give rise to efficient antennas of diverse scales. In recent past years, tons of research efforts have taken place for the uses of fractal geometries in microstrip antenna design.