Development of a Colorimetric Sensor for Nitrile hydratase enzyme Bacterial Immobilization and Himalayan Medicinal Fern Mediated Green Synthesis of Nanoparticles for Dye Degradation

Abstract

newlinexi newlineABSTRACT newlineNowadays, environmental remediation technology needs innovative cleanup strategies. In this newlinecontext, convenient and straightforward technologies for the identification of chemical and newlinebiological species are of great significance in environmental monitoring, public health, and newlinedisease diagnosis newlineAnions are critical in many biological and chemical processes. Various anions have their newlinedifferent roles and importance. Thus, the design and synthesis of colorimetric sensors that can newlinedetect the anions selectively are always of significant interest. The new method based on newlinechitosan-thiomer coupled with gold nanoparticles for the visual detection of amide compounds newlinefrom diverse samples has been synthesized in the current research. Chitosan-thiomer was newlinecharacterized by titrimetry, FTIR, elemental analysis (CHNS), and EDX. In addition, the degree newlineof aggregation of the target compound (acrylamide) with the thiolated chitosan-AuNPs complex newlinewas further visualized by TEM analysis. The color inference was also tested with a paper strip newlinemethod for technological applications. This method provides a preliminary confirmation of the newlinepresence of amide compounds. Alternatively, the colorimetric determination of the intensity of newlinecolor in a sample gives an accurate estimation of the target compound. newlineImmobilized cells cover a vast area of applications and are leading components of many newlinebiotechnological processes. In this study, whole-cell immobilization of Rhodococcus newlinepyridinivorans NIT-36 has been undertaken for remediating the toxic nitrile compounds using newlinePUF as an immobilized matrix. PUF immobilized cells displayed enhanced tolerance to pH and newlinetemperature variations than freely suspended cells. Characterization of immobilized cells was newlinecarried out by Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FT-IR) and Scanning electron newlinemicroscopy (SEM). It may be postulated that polyurethane foam is a promising immobilization newlinexii newlinematrix for whole-cell immobilization which proved to be good adhesion support for newlinemicroorganisms having potential for bioremediation. newlineThe medicinal history of humans and animals depends on different variety of plants, which newlinealso include pteridophytes. Herein, the fronds of Asplenium dalhousie and zinc acetate newlineprecursor synthesize zinc oxide nanoparticles (AD-ZnO NPs) by a systematic, eco-friendly, newlineand facile green technique. The structural, morphological, functional and optical newlinecharacteristics of fabricated AD-ZnO NPs were observed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), newlinescanning electron microscope (SEM), Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FTIR), and UV-Visible newlineAbsorption Spectrometer (UV-Vis), respectively. X-ray diffractograms established the nanosized newlineflowers of zinc oxide nanoparticles having a hexagonal wurtzite crystal structure. This newlinenanoflower arrangement was also amply displayed in the SEM micrographs. The FTIR newlinespectrum confirmed the bonding vibrations of Zn-O at 554 cmand#8722;1. The ultra-violet spectrum newlinerevealed the strong absorption at 365 nm, with an optical band of 3.45 eV calculated using newlineTauc s relationship. The intense antibacterial activity was observed in AD-ZnO NPs against newlineGram +ve (Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis) and Gram ve (Salmonella typhi, newlineEscherichia coli) bacteria. The photocatalytic activity of the AD-ZnONPs was examined using newlinethe malachite green dye. The remarkable degradation efficiency of 99.98% within 135 min newlinewas achieved under sunlight. The photodegradation of malachite green dye followed the newlinepseudo-first-order kinetics of Langmuir Hinshelwood model, and a degradation constant of newline0.035 minand#8722;1 was obtained. newlineKeywords: Gold nanoparticles, Rhodococcus pyridinivorans NIT-36, Asplenium dalhousie, newlinezinc oxide nanoparticles, Photodegradation, Malachite green dye