Intelligent void handling in ad hoc networks based on meta heuristic nature inspired algorithms

Abstract

An Ad hoc network is a Special kind of network that operates in a highly volatile and dynamic environment. In an Ad hoc network, communication is established between nodes in a decentralised way. Each node in the network serves as both a host and a router. One of the most essential parameters in an Ad hoc network is its dynamic topology which is based on node mobility. The nodes change its position quite frequently, thereby creating a need for a routing protocol that quickly adapts to the topological changes in the network without escalating network overload. The nodes in Ad hoc network may include laptops, personal digital assistants, sensor devices etc., and are often very limited in processing capacity, storage capacity, battery power and bandwidth. The routing protocol should be capable of minimizing the control traffic. The routing protocol should be reactive where it calculates the link cost only upon receiving a specific request. Routing protocols in ad hoc networks are challenged with establishing and maintaining of secure multi hop routes where the constraint appears in mobility, bandwidth and power. In Mobile ad hoc network, a node can join or leave the network anytime which may lead to absence of neighbouring node in certain zones during routing process. This issue is referred to as Void. Proposed research addresses challenges such as Void handling, balancing the network overload and to enhance network performance and lifetime. newline