Extraction Isolation and Characterization of Bioactive Compounds from Clematis Triloba and Formulation Development of SMEDDS and Their Evaluations for Antidiabetic Activity

Abstract

This study aims to evaluate the phytochemical properties, isolation, characterization, and antioxidant activities of Clematis triloba extract, and to develop a SMEDDS formulation of the extract. Clematis triloba, a climbing plant from the Ranunculaceae family traditionally used in Ayurveda for various ailments, has unexplored antidiabetic potential. The investigation focuses on the antidiabetic effects of Clematis triloba leaves and the development of a SMEDDS formulation to enhance bioavailability. Using UV, infrared, and mass spectroscopy, bioactive compounds in Clematis triloba were identified, and a SMEDDS formulation was created with Sefsol-218, Cremophor-EL, and Transcutol-P. Antidiabetic activity was tested in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, using Glibenclamide and streptozotocin as references. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, sterols, saponins, tannins, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, and terpenoids, with ursolic acid identified as a potent bioactive compound. LD50 studies showed no adverse effects at 2000 mg/kg body weight, and both low (100 mg/kg) and high (200 mg/kg) doses of CTLE and SMEDDS CTLE significantly reduced blood sugar levels in diabetic rats. CTLE and SMEDDS CTLE demonstrated potent antidiabetic effects, likely due to improved glucose tolerance and liver glycogen restoration, with the SMEDDS formulation showing superior antidiabetic and protective effects by reducing blood glucose levels nearly twice as much as the CTLE extract alone. KEYWORDS: newline