Ecophysiological Studies of Selected Species of Pteridophytic Flora of Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary of Rajasthan

Abstract

The ecophysiological examination of selected pteridophytes in the Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary of Rajasthan sheds light on their survival strategies, ecological relevance, and the necessity of conserving these ancient vascular plants. Located in the semi-arid region of southern Rajasthan, the sanctuary provides a unique microclimatic environment conducive to the survival of certain pteridophytes, despite the harsh external climatic conditions. newlineThis study explored the physiological responses of pteridophytes to environmental variables such as temperature, humidity, soil moisture, and light intensity. Key physiological traits examined included stomatal behavior, photosynthetic efficiency, and water-use strategies. The findings revealed that pteridophytes in Bassi possess significant drought resilience, utilizing mechanisms such as reduced transpiration rates, efficient water retention, and the ability to photosynthesize under low light conditions within shaded niches.Extensive field surveys and taxonomic identification documented the diversity, distribution, and habitat preferences of pteridophytic species in the sanctuary. Species such as Adiantum capillus-veneris and Pteris vittata were prominent. Habitat analysis indicated a strong association of pteridophytes with areas of high humidity, such as riparian zones, rock crevices, and shaded understory regions. Their spatial distribution highlights their dependence on microhabitats that offer refuge from extreme climatic conditions.A floristic inventory was conducted, documenting species diversity, abundance, and habitat preferences. Key species included Adiantum capillus-veneris, Pteris vittata and Marsilea quadrifolia.Most species were confined to microhabitats with consistent moisture availability, such as rock crevices, stream banks, and shaded forest floors. Riparian zones supported higher species richness due to favorable humidity and soil conditions.Species exhibited patchy distributions, with localized populations restricted to areas offering specific ecological niches.The study also documented seasonal variations in abundance and phenology, with monsoon months showing peak growth and spore production.The study also delved into the phytochemical profiles of selected pteridophyte species to identify bioactive compounds and their ecological functions. Secondary metabolites such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and terpenoids were identified, which not only confer protection against herbivory and environmental stress but also hold pharmacological potential. These findings underscore the dual ecological and medicinal importance of pteridophytes, making them key candidates for further bioprospecting. newlinePteridophytes in Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary face threats from habitat destruction, overgrazing, invasive species, and climate change. The research advocates for the development of targeted conservation strategies, such as habitat restoration, the creation of ex-situ conservation programs, and community awareness campaigns. Special emphasis was placed on the sanctuary s role as a refuge for these plants and the need to integrate pteridophyte conservation into broader biodiversity management plans.The pteridophytes of Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary face multiple threats, including habitat degradation, overgrazing, illegal collection, and climate change. The conservation aspect of the study emphasized the following- Riparian zones and shaded microhabitats critical to pteridophyte survival require urgent protection from anthropogenic disturbances. Establishing spore banks and cultivating species in botanical gardens can ensure long-term survival of rare or threatened species. Local communities should be involved in conservation initiatives, with awareness campaigns highlighting the ecological and medicinal importance of pteridophytes. The study advocates integrating pteridophyte conservation into regional biodiversity management plans and ensuring their protection under wildlife conservation laws.This comprehensive study sheds light on the ecophysiological adaptations, floristic diversity, phytochemical significance, and conservation challenges of pteridophytes in the Bassi Wildlife Sanctuary. It emphasizes the importance of newlineprotecting these unique plants, which play a crucial role in maintaining ecosystem stability and offer untapped potential for ecological and medicinal research. The findings contribute to the broader understanding of pteridophyte ecology in arid and semi-arid environments, providing a framework for their sustainable management and conservation. newline newline