Characterization of methyl ammonium lead halide perovskite solar cell and efficiency enhancement using hua bcmo algorithm

Abstract

The term photovoltaic is the combination of photos (light), with voltaic, newlineafter the name of the scientist Alessandro Volta. A photovoltaic cell has the newlinebasic principle of converting solar into electrical energy. As population newlineincreases worldwide, energy consumption is also increasing proportionately, newlineand is projected to increase further by 48% of its current consumption by the newlineend of 2040. This translates into greater use of energy products. Since the earth newlinesuffers from a major global warming problem, it is prudent to use renewable newlinesource of energy to help combat the energy shortages around the world. The newlinesun is the source of all forms of energy, either directly as solar energy or newlineindirectly as is the case with wind energy, hydroelectric energy, energy from newlinebiomass fuels. Compared to other means, for example photochemical reaction newlineand solar thermal, solar cells offer an efficient and safer way to meet the energy newlinedemands across the globe. In addition, it has the capacity to efficiently transport newlineand store energy. To enhance and improve the efficiency and performance newlinemetrics, hybrid techniques have been introduced. The proposed hybrid method newlinecombines the Capuchin Search Algorithm (CapSA) and the Wild Horse newlineOptimizer (WHO). Wild horse behaviour is utilised to improve capuchin newlinemonkey behaviour. Accordingly, this strategy is known as the CapSA-WHO newlinemethodology. In this method, how different factors, such as the Electron and newlineHole Transport Layer, back metal contact, Absorber faults, the amount of newlineradiation, and the direction of the light, can influence the final result are newlineexamined. According to research into the molecular dynamics of perovskite newlinelayers, the thermal properties of these layers are advantageous for solar cell newlineperformance and efficiency newline