The Human Medial and Lateral Longitudinal Arches of Foot and its Clinical Relevance

Abstract

Introduction: Defects or deformities of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot can newlinelead to clinical consequences, one such example is pes planus, also known as pes valgus newlineor flat foot. This condition demonstrates the loss of the medial longitudinal arch it can newlinebe congenital or acquired. Most infants are born with flat feet and develop normal newlinearches by the age of 6. The most common cause of congenital pes planus in children is newlineflexible pes planus this is when the arch appears normal without weight-bearing and newlinedisappears with weight-bearing. The medial longitudinal arch plays a critical role in newlineshock absorption and propulsion of the foot while walking to comprehend the function newlineof the medial arch, the gait cycle must be understood. As the heel strike the ground, the newlinefoot is supinated, and ten it enters the stance phase. During mid stance the medial newlinelongitudinal arch is lengthened and flattened due to pronation of the forefoot. Elastic newlinetendon and ligaments that become stretched during this phase store mechanical energy. newlineOnce the medial arch reaches its maximum length, it then begain to shorten until the newlineheel leaves the grond during terminal stance. The medial arch becomes shortened and newlineheightened just before the toes leaves the ground due to the supination of the hindfoot newlineand elastic recoil of tissue (arch recoil). During this phase, the mechanical energy that newlinewas stored in release back to the body as power for the propulsion of the foot during the newlinegait cycle. The anterior pillar of the medial longitudinal arch act as a springboard during newlinethe takeoff of the foot. The Lisfrac joint (of midfoot) also play a role in prolusion by newlineallowing minor planterflexon and dorsiflexon. While the foot is in the air, it is in swing newlinephase. newlineAims and objectives: To find out the morphometry of human medial and lateral newlinelongitudinal arch, to find out normal values of foot arches and too find out of any newlinerelationship between the ratio of the arch height and length. Objectives are to find newlineArch height o