Microalgae based Bioremediation of Radiographic X Ray Developer Solution

Abstract

The present research study focuses on the scrutiny of Physico-chemical criterion and selection of microalgal toxicity range in X-ray developer (X.D.), and fixer effluent (X.F.) implicates towards the comprehensive studies of bioremediation. The parameter characterization reveals the existence of 0.01791±0.000 g/l of silver and proportions of 1.22±0.004 g/l and 27.29±0.230 g/l in BOD and COD, respectively in X.D. On the other hand, X.F. characterization exhibited higher silver 3.49±0.01 g/l and BOD, COD values of 11.83±0.39 g/l, and 506.15±0.20 g/l, respectively. The tolerance limits of microalgae, D. armatus, and S. abundans in diluted X.D. and X.F. disclose the significant growth of D. armatus in the diluted ratio of 3 BBM: 1X.D. The microalgal treatment of X.D. showed prominent bioremediation results on 19th d in the overall 31 d cultivation period with a relative removal of 20.86% BOD, 13.88% COD, 57.10% phosphorus, 44.06% silver with the concomitant lipid production of 1.392 %. newlineThe prominent growth of D. armatus has been observed in the 3:1 dilution of FWM/ACM and BBM. The 3FWM/ACM: 1BBM dilutions were further utilized for kinetic growth studies by fermentor tool, nitrogen and phosphorus utilization studies, and production abilities of macromolecules and compared with BBM for 31 d. The kinetic growth studies revealed the different growth phases of D. armatus in diluted F.W., ACM, and BBM and measured the kinetic growth parameters. The highest lipid content of 9.925%, protein content of 112.5µg/ml, and carbohydrate content of 8.75µg/ml contents have been observed with the diluted ACM, BBM, and diluted FWM, respectively. newlineThe 3:1 dilutions of FWM/ACM and BBM were further employed in phycoremediation studies of X.D. The D. armatus exhibited more promising results on the 19th day of overall 31 d cultivation in 3ACM:1X.D than the 3FWM:1X.D. The relative % of BOD reduction-17.61%, COD reduction-11.11%, silver removal-43.69%, and simultaneously lipids production of 1.42% was observed with phycoremediation of X.D