Effective removal of toxic dyes from aqueous solution using hydrothermally produced carbon

Abstract

In a vibrant world of industrial growth, the realm of color and newlinecreativity has flourished. The rise of industrial operations has led to a newlinesignificant increase in dye-contaminated wastewater, posing serious newlineenvironmental newlinechallenges. newlineUrbanization, newlinepopulation newlinegrowth, newlineand newlinesocioeconomic development have intensified water pollution, posing newlinechallenges in wastewater management and introducing chemical newlinecontaminants, particularly from colorants used in industries like textiles and newlineprinting. Synthetic dyes, while cost-effective and stable, contribute hazardous newlineby-products to wastewater, exacerbating water pollution. The annual newlineproduction of dye wastewater continues to grow, with its complex structures newlineand non-biodegradability posing threats to aquatic ecosystems and human newlinehealth. Dyes from industries such as textiles, tanneries, and pharmaceuticals newlinesignificantly affect aquatic ecosystems, with textile dyeing alone discharging newlineapproximately 7.5 metric tons annually worldwide. Various treatment newlinetechniques, including physical, chemical, and biological processes, have been newlineexplored to address this challenge. However, conventional methods often fail newlineto completely eliminate harmful compounds, necessitating sustainable and newlineeco-friendly solutions. newlineAdsorption, a surface-based method, has shown great potential due newlineto its simplicity, cost-effectiveness, and efficiency. Adsorbents such as newlinehydrochar, zeolites, and activated carbon offer extensive surface areas and newlinebinding sites, effectively removing dye pollutants from wastewater. These newlinemethods provide an environmentally sustainable approach to managing newlinewastewater and mitigating the impact of dye pollution. newline