An investigation on methods and techniques to improve network duration through secured node disjoint clustering

Abstract

Nowadays, Mobile Ad-Hoc Network (MANET) has attracted much concentration of all researchers in both academic and industrial field. It consists of tiny energy efficient sensor nodes, which are in touch with each other through wireless channels to carry out distributed sensing and combined tasks for various supervising applications. Environmental conditions such as sound, pressure and temperature are monitored by spatially distributed autonomous sensor nodes and these jointly pass the sensed data through the network to a foremost location. Main researches on MANET are directed towards power conservation of mobile nodes and improvement in the Quality of Service (QoS) in terms of throughput, end-to-end delay and routing overhead. Security threat in the sensor network is a big field of research which involves development of faulty node detection algorithms, design of cryptography technique for secure data transmission and building of Intrusion Detection System (IDS) to identify malicious activities in the network. In the present research, three methods are proposed to construct a power-aware clustering technique with an additional ability to select secure Cluster Head (CH) based node-disjoint path for data transmission. They are Power-Aware Clustering (PAC), CH based Node-disjoint Power-Aware Clustering (NDPAC) and Security Enabled Node-disjoint Power-Aware Clustering (SENDPAC). The design of PAC technique with load balancing ability is done to minimize the energy consumption when broadcasting the message through multiple CH nodes. This technique provides a considerable upsurge in the network duration by balancing CH load and CH energy consumption in the entire network. Implementation of CH load sharing with CH energy conservation raises the delay and routing overhead in the network. However PAC technique is highly suitable only for the applications that are not delay-responsive. So, PAC technique is facing additional delay and routing overhead over Self-Organization based Clustering using Zone Based group Mobility (SOCZBM), Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) and Optimal Asymmetric and Maximized Adaptive (OAMA) power management routing protocols. This is due to frequent sharing of the responsibility of CH among all the high residual energy nodes in the network to attain energy conservation and load balancing, but this technique increases 27.85% of average node lifetime than the existing techniques, through the implementation of power conservation scheme. CH based NDPAC technique is proposed to avoid the usage of less residual energy Cluster Heads (CHs) between source and destination points. This technique uses power-aware CH node-disjoint route to reach the destination node by selecting active CHs with energetic working nodes. It enhances the network duration by selecting only routes with energetic nodes to transfer the data from one end to the other end. It extensively reduces the total number of Route Request (RREQ) messages using the CH node-disjoint paths. It also increases the throughput, Packet Delivery Ratio (PDR), diminishes end-to-end delay, control overhead and power consumption. It also minimizes 8.96% of average delay over PAC and 20.7% of the existing Dual Node-Disjoint paths Routing (DNDR). It slightly reduces the routing overhead ratio which is used to calculate the processing time needed to broadcast data from a node. SENDPAC technique is implemented in MANET to enhance security aspects while forwarding information from a source node to a destination node. When the MANET faces unexpected connection failure between CHs, then the broadcasted data from the source node may be discarded before they newline