Design and performance enhancement of antennas for portable devices

Abstract

With the advancement in recent technology, portable devices such newlineas Smart phones, Laptops and Tablets are considered as multimedia, which is newlineused to make calls, transfer data, play games and so on. Therefore, the devices newlinerequire more than one application services. The manufacturing industries not newlineonly concentrates on the functionality, it also focuses on the aesthetics of the newlineportable devices. The size and the volume of the devices are the main criteria newlinethat the industry is focused on. The basic hardware part integrated into the newlineportable devices used regarding to communication is the antenna. The newlineimprovements in the design of internal antennas help to increase the newlineperformance and aesthetics of portable devices. The wavelength in which the newlinedevices operate represents a challenge of designing the miniaturized antennas. newlineAlso, the antennas integrated into these devices should provide multiple newlineservices such as Long Term Evolution (LTE), Global System for Mobile newlineCommunication (GSM), Global Positioning System (GPS), Wireless Local newlineArea Network (WLAN), Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access newline(WiMAX) and Wireless Fidelity (Wi-Fi).Further, to support high speed communication, it is necessary to increase the data rate and signal quality. These parameters are enhanced by newlinethe antenna arrays which occupies more space in the electronic devices and newlinethe coupling between the antenna arrays should also be reduced. The Specific newlineAbsorption Rate (SAR) is the parameter which shows the amount of power newlineabsorbed by the human body. The electronic devices held by the users has the newlineprobability of radiation exposure. Hence, the SAR value is required to be less newlinethan 1.6 W/kg. The Hand-held devices are also beginning to develop. newline newline