Single ion conducting polymer electrolytes with self healing properties for next generation battery systems

Abstract

The global surge in demand for energy storage is largely driven by the proliferation of electric vehicles, smart portable devices, and the integration of renewable energy sources into power grids. Lithium-ion batteries have emerged as the dominant technology due to their superior energy density, stable cycling performance, and compact design. Nevertheless, the challenges of safety risks raised from flammable liquid electrolytes leading to short circuits hinder their long-term sustainability. These factors underline the necessity of innovating next-generation electrolyte materials that can meet the escalating performance and safety requirements. newlineIn this context, advanced polymer electrolytes have attracted significant attention as a potential solution to overcome the inherent limitations of conventional systems. Their solid or gel-like nature eliminates leakage issues, improves interfacial contact with electrodes, and enhances mechanical stability, all while allowing for tuneable ionic conductivity through chemical functionalisation. However, their ionic conductivity still lags behind that of liquid electrolytes. Additionally, the dual-ion conducting nature of the conventional polymer electrolytes is prone to interfacial degradation during extended cycling. The simultaneous migration of both cations and anions can lead to uneven lithium-ion distribution at the anode, promoting the growth of lithium dendrites and the formation of inactive lithium (dead lithium). These issues contribute to internal short circuits, irreversible lithium loss, and decomposition of the electrolyte, ultimately resulting in premature battery failure. To mitigate these challenges, a promising approach involves the design of single-ion conducting polymer newline