Comparative Evaluation Of Structural And Functional Changes In Thyroid Gland After Implementation Of Integrated Yoga Module Iym As Adjuvant Therapy Versus Conventional Levothyroxine Therapy In Hypothyroid Females

Abstract

Abstract newlineIntroduction Hypothyroidism is a prevalent endocrine disorder characterized by inadequate thyroid hormone production, resulting in slowed metabolism, neuroendocrine dysregulation, dyslipidemia, and impaired quality of life. Despite levothyroxine being the cornerstone of management, a substantial proportion of patients continue to experience residual symptoms, biochemical fluctuations, and frequent dose adjustments, reflecting incomplete restoration of physiological homeostasis. From an Ayurvedic standpoint, hypothyroidism closely resembles Galganda, a Kapha-pradhana Tridoand#7779;aja condition rooted in Agnimandya, Rasa Meda duand#7779;and#7789;i, and Srotorodha, with contributions from psychosomatic and immune dysregulation. Yoga has emerged as a complementary modality capable of influencing the hypothalamic pituitary thyroid axis, autonomic balance, metabolic efficiency, and psycho-neuro-immune pathways. However, existing studies predominantly utilize generalized wellness-based yoga protocols, lack disease-specific customization, and rarely integrate biochemical, structural, and therapeutic dose outcomes. Moreover, evidence evaluating region-specific yet pathology-oriented Integrated Yoga Modules in hypothyroidism remains limited, highlighting the need for systematic clinical evaluation. newlineAim and Objectives To evaluate the efficacy of a Modified Integrated Yoga Module (IYM), used as an adjunct to levothyroxine therapy, on thyroid functional parameters, structural changes of the thyroid gland, quality of life, and thyroxine dose dynamics in hypothyroid females, and to assess its association with Prakriti and Agni. newlineMethodology This randomized controlled, assessor-blinded clinical study included hypothyroid females aged 20 40 years. Participants were allocated into two groups: Group A received levothyroxine plus modified IYM, and Group B received levothyroxine alone for 90 days. Assessments included serum TSH, T3, T4, thyroid ultrasonography, lipid profile, quality-of-life scores, thyroxine dose, and Ayurvedic parameters. Sta