Studies on the haematological, biochemical, immunological, histopathological, and molecular aspects of the human breast carcinoma

Abstract

The present research study deals with the Human Breast Carcinoma which is prevalent in women of all ages and one of the causes of cancer related deaths. The study group comprising of 100 women which was divided into four groups namely, control subjects, Non-metastatic group (stage 0, I and II), Metastatic group (stage III, IV and V) and Post-treatment group. The Research work was carried out at the Department of Biotechnology, PRIST University Thanjavur, India (Lat. 100 N’., Long. 790 E’.) and in Molecular Biology laboratories. Standard procedures and protocols were followed for analyses of 37 parameters belonging to the Haematological, Biochemical,Immunological, Histopathological and Molecular aspects. In the Haematology, a decreasing trend of blood cells except platelets was recorded in all the 3 groups. In the Biochemical analyses a uniform elevation of Oxidative stress, Antioxidants, Tumour Markers and Estradiol was recorded, which serves as predictive factors of Breast cancer. In Immunological studies elevated trend was noted in IgG and IgA, Inflammatory markers and Cytokines, while a decrease in Antiinflammatory marker was recorded which also serves as indicators of breast cancer. In Histopathological studies (biopsy), Ductal carcinoma was found to be more prevalent han Lobular carcinoma in all the three women groups. The Molecular studies revealed that DNA damage was found progressively more from group I to group IV and also more in >50 age group and also in Post-menopausal women. Elevated expression of receptors namely, Her2/neu, Estrogen receptors and Progesterone receptors were recorded as signs of progression of breast carcinoma.