Preclinical study exploring therapeutic potential of Tecoma stans in rheumatoid arthritis via phytosome based drug delivery approach

Abstract

Rheumatoid arthritis is a chronic disease of autoimmune nature which mainly represents newlineswelling and inflammation of major joints in the body, specifically of feet and hands. The newlinedisease mostly occurs in patients of old age group. The lining of the joint in response to newlinecontinuous inflammation caused erosion and damage of joints leading to impairment in newlinemobility which often causes pain to the patient. The disease is believed to originate in the newlinenineteenth and twentieth century. The incidence of the disease globally ranges within 1 to 2% newlineof world population, women being more prone to the disease than men. Patients between age newlinegroup of mid-30s to early-60s years are highly spoilt, and chances of exaggeration and newlinedisease remission. Young children below sixteen years of age are also prone to the disease, newlineand the condition is referred as juvenile rheumatoid arthritis. Of active young adult newlinepopulation, over 70-75% of the rheumatic patients experience irreversible destruction of newlinejoints, while 80% in the labor market experience stiff joints accompanied with chronic pain. newlineThe medications are initiated on the basis of lifestyle of the patient. The treatment mainly newlineaims to mitigate destruction of joints and induce a decrease in pain and inflammation of the newlinepatient and improve physical disability. The conventional pharmaceutical treatment includes newlineDMARDs such as methotrexate, sulfasalazine, etc, NSAIDs such ibuprofen, and inhibitors of newlinebiological products such as TNF-and#945;, IL-1and#946;. The conventional therapies presented several side newlineeffects like immunosuppression, gastric ulcers, etc, which presented discomfort to patients newlineand decrease the acceptance towards therapy. Even though the disease is detected at its early newlinestages, the treatment employed for management of the disease comprises side effects newlinedecreasing the patient adherence towards it. This led to a search for complementary and newlinealternative treatment options which presented similar to better efficacy and lesser side effects. newlineApproximately 60 to 90% of arthritic patients seek tre