Congestion Management in Deregulated Electric Power System Using Distributed Power Flow Controller

Abstract

There is a complete transformation in electrical power system from vertically integrated electricity market to vertically unbundled power system. The reason behind the transformation is the sluggish performance of monopoly utilities as monopoly status of electric power utilities did not provide any incentive for its efficient operation. Another thrust for restructuring of electrical power industry was provided by change in generation technologies. The main aim of restructuring the power system is to bring down the cost of electricity. As in current scenario, due to rise in demand and supply of electric power, it is not so easy to organize or handle the generation and cost by one utility. newline newlineWith advantages and benefits of restructuring of the power system there are some potential problems or which can also be called as key issues in deregulation of power system, one of the technical challenges which arise due to involvement of several market entities is congestion in transmission lines.ISO is the supreme entity in the control of transmission system, ISO facilitates the complete dispatch of the power that gets contracted among the market entities. With the trend of increasing no.of open access of transfer of power, possibility of insufficient resources leading to network congestion which may be unavoidable. newline newlineThe power flow pattern in deregulated power system is completely different from those of regulated ones. All entities will try to get the benefits of cheaper source and greater profit margins leading to overloading and congestion of certain transmission corridors. This may well exceed the thermal, voltage and stability limits, thereby undermining the system security and reliability. newline newline newline newline newline newlineiv newline newline newlineCongestion in transmission system, whether vertically organized or unbundled, cannot be permitted except for short duration of time. Remedial for overcoming congestion can be outage of congested branches. In this research work, FACTS device used with modification in dc source and compared with the FACT device with tr