Effect of bisphenol A BPA on skeletal system and central immune system development of chick embryo

Abstract

Abstract: newlineBPA stands for Bisphenol A [22 Bis (4 - Hydroxyphenol) propane] is an organic synthetic compound is used in hard plastic bottles and as a protective lining in food and beverage cans. BPA has the Estrogenic hormone like properties, are potentially dangerous Endocrine Disrupting Chemical (EDC). BPA detected in food cause health problems especially for developing foetus, infants and children, consumption causes male infertility, heart diseases, depression, asthma and carcinoma of brain. The estimated exposure levels are from 0.01 µg/kg/day in Children and 4.2µg/kg/day in adults. BPA modulates the development of skeletal system and Immune system during embryonic Life respectively. By using various mechanisms like Wnt signaling pathways and cell signaling pathways. Aim: To analyze the effect of Bisphenol A [22 Bis (4 - Hydroxyphenol) propane] on skeletal system and central immune system development of chick embryo. Methodology: Fertilized Zero-day chick eggs were obtained and incubated. 6 eggs were assigned to a group and 2 different doses of BPA administered. Samples collected from Chick embryos on 5th, 10th, 14th and 18th days. Statistics: All the parameters were assessed by using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS version 24). One way ANOVA includes following test test for Homogeneity of Variance, Post Hoc Test Tukey HSD (Multiple comparison was adopted to find statistical difference between groups). Results: Low Dose and High Dose BPA causes differentiation and degeneration of osteoblast and osteocyte cells in developing chick embryo. Apoptotic assay showed significant changes like increased number of osteoblast cells, absence of osteoclast cells and more necrotic cells in different ages of skeletal system development. In the Bone Marrow profile for Immune cell 2 development, the T and B lymphocytes showed decreased number based on the dose.