Personality self efficacy quality of life and stress among thyroid patients

Abstract

The purpose of this chapter is to summaries the work done in the research, improve the implications of the study, and discuss the limitations of the study. newlineHealth psychology examines the interaction between biological, psychological, and social factors in health and illness using the biopsychosocial model (Fava and Sonino, 2007). It focuses on research, education, and clinical services, particularly in disease prevention and management. newlineChronic diseases affect ~50% of adults and contribute to 75% of healthcare expenditures (CDC, 2011).Behavioral factors like smoking, diet, and exercise significantly influence conditions such as heart disease and cancer (Mokdad et al., 2004).Small behavioral changes improve health and quality of life (Kaplan and Ries, 2008).Health disparities exist due to social, economic, and gender factors (Cohen et al., 2006). newlineThyroid Disorders and Their Psychological Impact newlineThyroid diseases affect metabolism and bodily functions, with hypothyroidism (low hormone levels) and hyperthyroidism (high hormone levels) being most common. newlineTypes of Thyroid Disorders: newline Hypothyroidism Fatigue, depression, weight gain, cognitive issues. newline Hyperthyroidism Anxiety, weight loss, rapid heartbeat. newline Goiter Thyroid gland enlargement. newline Thyroid Nodules Lumps in the thyroid (benign or cancerous). newline Thyroid Cancer More common in women but highly treatable. newline newlinePsychological Impact: newline Anxiety and mood swings due to hormone imbalances. newline Depression and cognitive difficulties such as memory loss. newline Self-esteem issues from physical changes like weight gain and hair loss. newline Treatment adherence is crucial to managing both physical and mental health (Mitchell, 2021). newlinePersonality psychology explores individual traits and behavioral influences through various theoretical models: Biological Genetics influence personality (Eysenck).Behavioral Personality is shaped by the environment. Psychodynamic Unconscious influences (Freud). Humanistic Focus on self-actualization (Maslow, Rogers).Trait Theory Big Five Model (neu