Epidemiology of cervical cancer and antigenotoxic activity of green tea on cervical cancer cells

Abstract

Cancer of the cervix is the commonest genital tract malignancy in the newlinefemale and it has been ranked second to breast cancer About half a million newlinenew cases are seen worldwide each year most occurring in developing newlinecountries Awodele et al 2011 and Ertem 2009 In 2008 approximately newline530000 women were diagnosed with invasive cervical cancer worldwide and newline275000 women died from it Cervical cancer is the top cancer site for women newlinein most East African and South Asian countries both in terms of incidence and newlinemortality Ferlay et al 2010 and Arbyn et al 2011 India accounted for a quarter of both the worlds estimated cervical cancer burden of 529000 cases and 275000 deaths in 2008 newlineFerlay et al 2010 Cervical cancer is the most frequent primary site of newlinecancer among Indian women with an estimated incidence and mortality newlinerates of 27 and 15 per 100000 women respectively in 2008 newlineFerlay et al 2010 Furthermore India shows the highest rates of cervical newlinecancer worldwide especially among rural populations Rajkumar et al 2000 newlineand Swaminathan et al 2009a A risk factor is something that increases chances of developing a disease or condition Epidemiological studies have identified a number of risk newlinefactors such as infection with certain oncogenic types of human papilloma newlineviruses HPV sexual intercourse at an early age multiple sexual partners newlinemultiparity longterm oral contraceptive use tobacco smoking low socio newlineeconomic status infection with Chlamydia trachamatis micronutrient newlinedeficiency and a diet deficient in vegetables and fruits that contribute newlineto the development of cervical cancer IARC Working Group 1995 newlineWalboomers et al 1999 and Ferenczy and France 2002 However the newlineprimary underlying cause for cervical cancer is human papilloma virus HPV newlineMarrazzo et al 2001 newline