Bioinspired Synthesis of Metallic and Non metallic Nanoparticles and Delving their Pharmacological Biological Cosmetic and Nanoswitching applications

Abstract

The primary objective of the present study is to synthesize metallic and non-metallic nanoparticles and to explore the potential applications of the same which are indispensible for the day-to-day life. To be specific, the studies carried out in detail are the synthesis of metallic nanoparticles (Gold, Silver, Zinc oxide) and non-metallic nanoparticle (reduced graphene oxide) using twenty one potential reducing agents. The reducing agents chosen are selected plant extracts, cereals and pulses washed water and a keratinous waste source. The synthesized nanoparticles were further investigated for their pharmacological, biological, cosmetic and nano-switching applications. The gold nanoparticle synthesis was optimized by performing different synthesis methods. Silver nanoparticles were synthesized by solar irradiation method. Zinc oxide nanoparticle is prepared by sol-gel method and reduced graphene oxide by reflux method. The analytical characterizations of nanoparticles were carried out. The gold nanoparticle of TB shows inhibition against clinical isolated Bacillus subtilis and Enterococcus faecalis. TB aided silver nanoparticles shows inhibition against only clinical isolated Staphylococcus aureus and hence taken for coating on ear phone bud. The gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized from cereals and pulses washed water shows inhibition to Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus cereus, S. aureus and Escherichia coli. The gold and silver nanoparticles synthesized from cereals and pulses washed water shows cytotoxicity against A375 skin cancer cell lines. The best sample is also screened for genotoxicity assessment by Allium cepa root tip toxicity assay, which doesn t show any genotoxicity. The same samples behave as DNA intercalators when interacted with ct-DNA is determined by spectrophotometric method. The gold nanoparticles synthesized from keratinous waste and zinc oxide nanoparticles synthesized from cereals washed water were incorporated in lotion formulation and tested for sun protection factor efficiency by