Radiographic Assessment of Cervical Spine Degenerative Changes Among Late Stage Temporomandibular Disorder Patients Using CBCT An Analytical Study In The Indian Population

Abstract

Background and Objective Temporomandibular disorders TMDs include musculoskeletal conditions affecting the masticatory muscles, temporomandibular joints, and related structures, causing pain, limited function, and poor quality of life. This study aimed to assess the prevalence and CBCT features of cervical spine degenerative changes in late stage TMD patients with TMD severity. newline newlineMaterials and Methods A cross sectional study was conducted on 60 clinically confirmed late stage TMD patients. Cervical spine degeneration from C1 to C7 was analysed for osteophyte formation, disc space narrowing, and facet joint degeneration by two blinded radiologists. newline newlineResults A significant association was noted between TMD severity and cervical spine degeneration. Severe TMD patients showed higher rates of osteophyte formation 68 percent, disc space narrowing 54 percent, and facet joint degeneration 38 percent compared to moderate TMD. Changes were most common at C5 to C7 levels. A strong positive correlation r equal to 0.72 p less than 0.001 was observed between TMD severity and cervical degeneration. newline newlineConclusion The study demonstrates a strong relationship between late stage TMD and cervical spine degeneration, emphasizing the value of combined diagnostic assessment newline newline