Cytogenetics and Molecular Profiling of Acute Myeloid Leukemia AML

Abstract

Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) is a composite group of haematological disorder. AML newlineis clinically very aggressive and has a high mortality rate. Intensive research at various level had newlinebeen done in AML, but the patient treatment has changed very minimal in the last 40years. Recent newlineresearch in AML is focusing towards, newer treatment protocols with targeted therapies, in newlinecombination with other therapies to improvise patient outcome. newlineTill date, there is no single technique that can establish the complete diagnosis of AML. newlineMany investigations starting from the identification of different kinds of cells, its maturation, newlineunderlying genetic condition both at the chromosomal level and in the gene level play a major role newlinein the diagnosis and treatment of AML patients. In 2008, WHO had classified AML into an newlineindividual sub group based on chromosomal translocation t(8;21), t(15;17) and inv(16)/t(16;16) newlinepresentation and its outcome to current treatment protocols. In 2016, an update of the same was newlinedone including certain chromosomal abnormalities and gene mutations. Certain unbalanced newlinechromosomal aberrations like complex karyotype (chromosomal aberrations involving more than newline3 chromosomes), partial or complete loss of chromosome 5 and 7 are considered to have poor newlineoutcome. Patients having t(15;17) chromosomal abnormality are being treated with All Trans newlineRetinoic acid. This kind of targeted therapy improves better patient survival with minimum damage newlineto the normal cells newline