Design and Implementation of Energy Efficient Routing Protocols for Wireless Sensor Network

Abstract

The revolutionary advance made in the fields of micro-electromechanical systems, digital newlineelectronics, and wireless communication has driven the development and implementation newlineof powerful and multifunctional sensor nodes that are tiny in size and low in cost. They newlinehave the ability to sense, analyze, and communicate data in an unmodified manner at newlinesmall distances. This element eventually led to the widespread deployment of these newlinesensor nodes in collaboration, known as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). Wireless newlinesensor networks (WSNs) are being used extensively for data collecting, and they are newlinebecoming popular. In wireless sensor networks, there is a limitation of energy resources. newlineFor the enhancement of the network s operational life time, energy resources need to be newlineutilized efficiently. One of the most difficult challenge is the creation of energy-efficient newlinerouting protocols, which is becoming more popular. The quothot-spotquot problem occurs when newlineenergy consumption in wireless sensor networks is not balanced across the network. newlineNumerous efforts have been made so far to improve network routing via the clustering newlinetechnique. Clustering is an effective and efficient method to provide more direct path that newlinedelivers data without contention. It is an essential method for reducing energy newlineconsumption, thereby increasing the lifetime of WSNs. In clustering, all observational newlinespace nodes are formed into various small groups called clusters. There is one cluster newlinehead (CH) in each cluster and other nodes within the cluster are known as cluster newlinemembers. Despite this, selecting a Cluster Head (CH) for a cluster is a complicated newlineprocess that requires adherence to specific requirements. The size of the clusters may be newlineequal or unequal in the clustering approach. The clusters are equal across the network in newlineequal clustering; however the size of the clusters changes uniformly throughout the newlinenetwork in unequal clustering. Unequal clustering methods can be employed for the load balancing of CHs to avoid the energy ho