Preparation characterization and evaluation of metal nanobiocomposites for their therapeutic efficacy

Abstract

Nanotechnology is defined as the design and fabrication of materials, devices and systems with control at nanometer dimensions. This thesis focusses on the preparation of multifunctional nanocomposites that are biocompatible, biodegradable and can be used as MRI contrast agents. In an attempt to prepare multifunctional nanocomposite, chitosan-capped gold nanoparticles coupled with ampicillin (C-AuNp-Amp) was synthesized using the wet precipitation method and characterized using Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and other physicochemical methods. The maximum coupling of Amp with C-AuNp was found to be 4.07 mg/10 ml. These results revealed the antimicrobial efficacy of C-AuNp-Amp and a 2-fold increase in activity was achieved when compared with that of free Amp. By reducing the antibiotic dosage up to 50 %, the side effects produced by antibiotics can be minimized. Iron nanoparticles (INPs) were prepared using a novel starting material, blood. The INPs were characterized using conventional methods such as FT-IR, Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), Vibrational Sample Magnetometer (VSM), Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) method. Cancer cell line studies confirmed the internalization of INP-CF and this phenomenon was also supported by SEM-EDX and MRI analyses. The nHAp was tested for its biocompatibity using cancer cell lines such as Osteosarcoma (MG-63), epidermoid carcinoma (A431) and normal cell lines such as normal Vero cell lines and mouse embryonic fibroblast (NIH3T3) cells. The samples were also tested for their haemocompatibility using human blood sample. The results have shown that the prepared nHAp was 100% biocompatible and haemocompatible. Thus prepared multifunctional metalnanobiocomposites from natural waste find their biomedical applications such as theranostic nanoagents, as MRI contrast agent and as scaffold for tissue engineering purposes. newline newline newline