Effective Utilization of Dielectric and Impedance Spectroscopy for Evaluating the Electric and Ferroelectric Properties of Selected Substituted Multiferroic Perovskite

Abstract

newlineMaterials have been playing a lead role in shaping the destiny of newlineour society from time immemorial. It is believed that if it was not newlinefor the accidental discovery of load stone (meaning leading stone newline(Magnetite)) human civilization would not have existed. Such is newlinethe influence of materials on humanity, an entire field transcending newlinescience, engineering and technology called material science came into newlineexistence where physicists, chemists and engineers collaborate to bring newlineout new materials with novel applications. Their endeavor was to newlineconstantly upgrade and find new applications by removing obsolescence newlineand improving the existing. In the evolutionary era of material science, scientists were working on newlinematerials which were displaying only one physical property. For example, newlineif ferrites displayed only ferrimagnetism, Barium Titanate exhibited newlineonly ferroelectricity and similarly quartz and tourmaline displayed newlinepiezoelectricity only. So, scientists started scouting for materials which newlineexhibited more than one ferroic order simultaneously. These materials newlineexhibiting two or more ferroic orders became an alternate proposition for newlineresearchers. Thus emerged the area of multiferroics and magnetoelectrics.The existence of more than one ferroic order in a single material newlinewas predicted way back in the 1950s by Smolenskii and Ioffe albeit newlinewithout success until the discovery of boracites in 1966. However, the newlinedescription of the term multiferroics appeared in an article published newlineby Nicola Hill only around the year 2000. Materials exhibiting more newlinethan one ferroic order are not abundant in nature and hence are newlineto be synthesized in the laboratory. newline newline