Derivatization of Agar Agarose for Potential Applications with Special Reference to the Synthesis Of Nanomaterial

Abstract

In recent years, researchers are more concerned about the environment and newlineare finding new ways for the development of the materials from bio and newlinerenewable resources instead of synthetic sources. Synthetic polymer derived newlinefrom the fossil fuel and coal have disadvantages i.e., insufficient resource of newlinefossil fuel, price volatility of petroleum due to political tension, nonbiodegradability newlineand cause environmental pollution. Biopolymers are gradually newlinereplacing the synthetic polymers to solve the disadvantages of the synthetic newlinepolymers. Biopolymers can easily degrade due to exposure to bacteria in soil, newlinecompost and marine sediments. Therefore, biopolymers are notable for the newlineresearchers from the viewpoint of prevention of global warming. Among all the newlinebiopolymers, polysaccharides are important due to their high abundance, wide newlinedistribution and low cost of production. Seaweed polysaccharides have attracted newlineresearchers and industrialist attention alike due to their characteristics such as newlineno fertile land and fresh water to grow was required by the plants. Seaweeds newlineare major sources for the functional metabolites like polysaccharides, peptide, newlineamino acids, minerals, lipids, proteins and polyphenols. Wide range of the newlinepolysaccharide can be isolated from all types of seaweed such as agar, agarose, newlinecarrageenan can be isolated from red seaweed (Rhodophyta seaweed); newlinealginate, fucoidans can be isolated from brown seaweeds (Phaeophyta newlineseaweed) and Ulvan can be isolated from green seaweeds (Chlorophyta newlineseaweed). newlinePolysaccharides contain many active groups such as OH (hydroxyl), -COOH newline(carboxylic), and SO3H (sulphate). Due to such active group, polysaccharides newlineattracted researchers for chemical modifications for the potential application. newlineAfter the modification of the polysaccharides, the properties have been changed newlinethan the native which makes them useful for the desired applications. newlineNanoscience is the study of the manipulation of material or object on atomic, newlinemolecular or macromolecular scales, that usually refer the size matte