Calcium Based Bioceramic Nanocomposites fpr Hard Tissue Engineering Applications

Abstract

The bioceramics are using as a substitute for hard tissue engineering since 1960. A compelling way to deal with hard tissue engineering aims to restore the function of diseased or damaged bone tissue by combining isolated functional cells and biodegradable scaffolds prepared from engineered bioceramics. Bioceramic materials have better potential to replace the damaged tissues and restore the function of the existing tissue. Bioceramics including hydroxyapatite, bioglass, and calcium phosphate are using as a scaffold, bone filler, and coating agent because of their mineral composition similarity with hard tissue. Bioceramic is producing a higher tissue response as compared to polymers and metals individually. The present research focuses on the synthesis of hydroxyapatite and bioglass derived nanocomposite based scaffolds for hard tissue engineering applications. The newline17 newlinethought of biodegradable organic-inorganic composites composed of natural and synthetic polymers (chitosan, polyethylene glycol) and ceramic nanoparticles (hydroxyapatite and bioglass) can be considered as a solution for hard tissue engineering. The biocompatibility of chitosan (polysaccharide) and its similarity with glycosaminoglycan makes it a bone-grafting material. Polyethylene glycol (PEG) is highly biocompatible, biodegradable, and non-immunogenic, can stabilize the protein and proven to be an effective polymer in cell binding, growth, and proliferation. Hydroxyapatite (nHA) has many applications in the field of biomedical, including hard tissue engineering and drug delivery. Hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHA) were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, followed by the freeze-drying process, to improve the stability of the nanoparticles. newline