An Adaptive Routing Protocol for Improved Quality of Service in Vehicular Ad hoc Network

Abstract

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs) are specialized wireless communication systems newlinethat allow vehicles to exchange information with each other and with roadside newlineinfrastructure. These networks play a vital role in improving traffic safety, managing newlinecongestion, and supporting emergency services through real-time data sharing. Despite newlinetheir potential, VANETs face significant challenges, such as frequent topology changes, newlineirregular mobility, limited communication range, and security issues, which pose newlinechallenges in maintaining quality of service (QoS) in terms of packet delivery, throughput, newlineand low latency. These challenges point to the requirement of an efficient routing newlinealgorithm to ameliorate the conditions generated by the inherent network environment. To newlineaddress these challenges, this work proposes two routing protocols, namely AUAVT-Reac newlineand AUAVT-Mulp, for urban areas. newlineAUAVT-Reac is an adaptive protocol designed for urban traffic conditions that combines newlinetopological and geographical routing while using real-time traffic data to adapt to dynamic newlinevehicular environments. AUAVT-Reac also minimizes routing overhead by using smart newlineflooding techniques, making it well-suited for real-time applications to mitigate routing newlineproblems. newlineThe AUAVT-Mulp protocol is a proactive protocol based on multipath routing. It newlineincorporates features like alternate path discovery, congestion-aware mechanisms, and newlinedynamic route switching. These improvements are achieved using methods such as newlineExponentially Weighted Moving Average (EWMA) for congestion detection and newlinespecialized functions like RouteWeight(), RouteComparator(), and QueueScan(), which newlineensure efficient, loop-free routing. This ensures an efficient routing mechanism in the newlinedynamic VANET environment. newlineTo establish the effectiveness of the two protocols, a numerical simulation study is carried newlineout and the results validate the efficacy of the proposed protocols.