Pharmacognostical phytochemical and antidiabetic effects of Costus Igneus n e br on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats

Abstract

The aim of the study was to find out the pharmacognostical, phytochemical and antidiabetic effects of costus igneus (N.E.Br.) on streptozotocin induced diabetic rats as discussed in various chapters of this thesis. In the pharmacognostical studies, the morphological, anatomical features of various plant parts of Costus igneus such as young root, leaf and rhizome were investigated in detail and demonstrated by illustrations. The total ash content, acid insoluble ash and water-soluble ash of rhizome were significantly (plt0.001) higher than stem and leaves. Moisture content, protein and carbohydrate levels were relatively higher in leaves. In Fluorescent analysis, leaf, stem and rhizome powders were treated with various chemicals and were studied under UV light and daylight. Phytochemical studies revealed that the presence of constituents like tannins, flavonoids, phlobatannins, terpenoids, saponin, steroids, cardiac glycosides were confirmed. The sapogenin and flavonoids compounds had antidiabetic activity were separated using column and preparative TLC (silica gel 60 F254, n-hexane: Ethyl acetate (7:3)) at Rf 0.27. The fractions collected through column chromatography and TLC were characterized by GC-MS, NMR and FTIR. HPTLC was used for quantification of quercetin (0.794%, 0.692%) and kaempferol, (4.2%, 3.1%) in CiREE and CiLEE respectively, similarly diosgenin (0.5%, 0.34%) and betasitosterol (3.5%, 1.334%) in SECiR and SECiL respectively. Fatty acids compounds of CiSEE, CiLEE and CiREE were identified by GC-MS. Among the different fatty acids, n-hexadecanoic acid content was found higher in CiSEE (35.29%) and CiLEE (19.53%) than CiREE (12.70%). Pharmacological study includes single dose analysis, glucose tolerance test and 30 days antidiabetic activity of CiREE, SECiR and isolated diosgenin from Costus igneus rhizome in streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats.