Optimal battery management system for electric vehicle

Abstract

The Battery Management System (BMS) is an electronic controller newlinethat monitors, controls, protects and balances the battery pack parameters like newlinecell voltage/current and temperature. The battery pack using Lithium-ion cells newlinecomes at a higher cost and needs protection circuits to ensure safe operation. newlineDue to environmental variations and manufacturing processes, problems like newlinecharge/discharge imbalance, variation in thermal conditions and internal newlineimpedances, self-cell charge rate and unequal charge storage in the cells newlineoccur. The mismatch reduces the cell life time and increases the chance of newlinedamage, fire or even explosion. Therefore, the primary research problem newlineidentified is the frequent overcharging/discharging conditions which newlinedeteriorates the battery life and worsen the performance of Li-ion battery newlinepack. newlineIn this case, it is necessary to have an advanced BMS controller to newlinemonitor cell parameters for achieving safer operation of the battery pack in newlineElectric Vehicles (EV), Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEV), Renewable Energy newlineSystems (RES) and automobile industries. More equalization techniques have newlinebeen elaborated based on the connection type of the equalizers like series, newlineparallel, series/parallel structures. Some existing techniques like Proportional newlineIntegral (PI) control, Proportional Integral Derivative (PID) control and Fuzzy newlinelogic control (FLC) methods carried out by different researchers for battery newlinemodeling and BMS algorithm for battery pack have been presented. The newlineperformance characteristics like State of Charge (SOC), Battery Energy newlineStorage System (BESS) life, error rate and charging efficiency for those newlinemethods have been discussed to portray its characteristics and complexity. newline newline