Applications of Battery Management System BMS in Sustainable Transportation A Comprehensive Analysis from Battery Modeling to the Grid Integration

Abstract

Depleting fossil fuels and ever growing serious environmental concerns due newlineto vehicular pollutants have paved way for alternative solutions for internal newlinecombustion engine (ICE) powered vehicles. Vehicular pollution results in newlinegreenhouse gas emission leading to ozone layer depletion and gradual increase in newlineatmospheric temperature which cause global warming. The hydrocarbons from newlinevehicular emissions affect human health causing heart and lung diseases. All these newlinehave promoted for deployment of electric vehicles (EVs) in various transportation newlinecategories across the globe. Various policies and schemes from respective newlinegovernments have increased the usage of EVs at various capacities. However, the newlinevehicles that are powered by batteries are required to compete with most popular ICE newlinepowered vehicles in aspects like usable run time, availability, reliability and newlinemaintainability. Various limitations of battery powered vehicles like short driving newlinerange and speed, longer recharge time, battery replacement and high initial newlineinvestment have been some of the obstacles in wide spread deployment of EVs. The newlinerole of Battery Management System (BMS) in EV is vital that performs actions like newlinemonitoring, maintaining and analyzing the batteries of EVs and take necessary newlineactions to ensure proper functioning of battery powered vehicles. Battery modeling newlinegives us the understanding of its charge-discharge characteristics thereby providing newlinecharging-discharging profile and thus finding the battery behavior. An effective newlinemodelling scheme has been developed to understand battery behavior in real item for newlinean application like electric vehicles. newlineAs electric vehicles provide a means for sustainable transportation, the EVs newlineare to be subjected to battery replacement. The high cost involved in replacement of newlinebattery pack adding to high initial investment, EVs are timid in its growth. The need newlinefor finding a mechanism as when to replace and what percentage of battery to be newlinereplaced in essential. A stochastic model has been developed for the battery agein